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Showing posts with label B.TECH PROJECT IDEAS. Show all posts
Showing posts with label B.TECH PROJECT IDEAS. Show all posts

Career choice : Electronics Engineer vs Electronics

95% of our life is because of the choices we make everyday.. 5% is destiny. This is a nice quotation and very true statement for any person. What choices you have made in life so far? There is one choice which is worth discussing as this article is going to impact your whole life if you choose to read on. This article is mainly written for the engineers by an electronics engineer. All to be engineers when they pass out the 12th standard made a choice of selecting their branch some chose Electronics as their career stream, at that point of time the motivation could be the remote controlled robots, or the latest state of the arts high tech gadgets. But now after completing 3 or 4 years of study how many of them are really planning to enter into the Electronics stream? Most of the electronics engineers are these days easily fascinated by the low lying fruits software jobs (.NET, Testing, PHP etc..). This happens mainly due to lack of awareness of this domain and lack of career guidance. The electronics domain is the most challenging domain in terms of technology and offers the best salaries in India. The starting salaries in this domain from the top VLSI companies after B.Tech is more than 6.0 Lacs per annum. In this domain the world’s top semiconductor companies has their design centres in India, The top companies in this domain are Intel, ST micro electronics, AMD, MOTOROLA, Freescale, ARM, Qualcomm, Samsung, Synopsys, Cadence etc. In this domain the companies are characterised as product companies, services companies and tool support companies. The product companies hires less engineers and they pay the best and then comes the Services companies they hires in bulk and it is not very difficult to get into these companies, and the third category is the tool development and support companies, they hires the less candidates and are the pay masters, they do not develop the semiconductor chips but they develop the support tools for developing the Semiconductor chips. All these companies hires fresh engineers. So how the fresh electronics engineer’s can apply and get selected in those top blue chip companies? Incise Infotech Training and placement Director Mr. Akshat Gupta is helping young engineers to get into these companies since last 3-4 years. He explains how the fresh engineers can get into this prestigious domain just by doing some right choices. His first advice to young engineers is to clear their basics of Digital electronics and Basic electronics fundamentals. He says that Incise infotech has developed a unique mechanism of asking the right fundamental question which challenges the hidden electronics engineer of each engineer and their talent comes out. After clearing the domain fundamentals he advices the young students to take some expert training while doing their engineering. This expert training is important as the technology has advanced very fast in the last 10 years. The Incise Infotech has a one year program which takes students from fundamentals to the very advanced concepts of chip development. The students learns the Verilog, System Verilog, Static Timing analysis and also Synthesis concepts. They make the real communication designs and simulate them and see them really working. The training method is learn by doing. Towards the end of the program they prepares the students for the interviews and written tests. During the training program all students gets to interact with the hardcore Semiconductor professionals who has developed world’s best innovations like Moto Razr, Apple iPad, Blue tooth devices, gaming consoles etc. At Incise the student’s do the complex and real Industry projects during their training program and solve the real problems. The focus of the projects is not the result but to learn the process of making the project. Incise also offer’s the dedicated short term training programs for the passout student’s which helps them cracking the first interview opportunity. The Semiconductor domain is a technology not a language like C,C++ or .NET, so the young engineers should have confidence and patience as it takes time and well defined process to learn the technology. The process to get a dream job is very simple. The first step is to identify what do you want? Once you know what is your dream job then identify what are the companies working in this domain or doing this kind of job? And then find out if you have any senior’s in that company else you can take help from social networking sites to find the people working in those dream companies. Then identify what those companies expects from a fresh engineer’s and plan how you can get that knowledge and how you can get the opportunity to present your knowledge in front of that company. In simple words set your goals and achieve it.
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Life after B.Tech, Do`s and Don`ts

Exams are over ~5 lakh engineers are out in the NCR with degrees in their hand waiting for first job break through. The cat race has started ,here are do`s and dont`s to win the cat race before 2012 batch comes the biggest humiliation an engineers faces when he dos`nt get a break even in 1 year)so guys you have exactly 1 year to acquire first break through job before your juniors comes, every week, every day and every hour is important. As of now for your life it will not be unfair if I say that this is the most crucial and critical time of your life. Some of you who will be using this time judiciously will be getting early job breaks while some of you will lag way behind in this cat race, now here are do`s and don`ts

1. Choose your domain in which you want to work. You can not apply for all job openings, if you do so you will end up losing all.
2. Companies needs experts not jack of all master of none`s
3. Make list of hiring companies in your chosen domain
4. Make a list of seniors, friends , relatives working in those companies, get their contact numbers email id`s.
5. Call them and find out the hiring process of these companies
6. Join internet communities linkedin facebook, orkut etc. Find the people working in your dream companies and send them a friend request and ask their help.
7. Make a nice impressive CV, do mention your final year projects and other trainings and key skills acquired by you in details.
8. Make an hourly, daily, weekly study plan, with milestones, key skills to be acquired.
9. Join some expert training program in your chosen domain. You have exactly 365 days from now the clock is ticking you are growing order to acquire some skills which others do not have.
10. You must keep yourself up-to-date, with all basics and expert knowledge, It is difficult to sit at home and study so join some good training institute to keep yourself updated.
11. The most important thing, Do networking and ask for help.
12. Keep yourself fit and healthy as we have seen students fall ill because of a lot of pressure and unhygienic conditions and hard work.
13. Be always READY, keep a faith you will definitely get the OPPORTUNITY. Everyone gets an opportunity to demonstrate his/her skills.
14. Improve your communication skills, do mock sessions.
15. While facing interview you should be very confidant but polite and show positive attitude, your first priority should be taking the knowledge and expertise. I will write another column on how to face your interview, stay tuned.

With each passing day the job competition will become difficult, expectations from you will increase. Remember it is really very difficult to get a job after a GAP so utilize your time in best possible manner and take help.
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Summer Training in Scripting

Module :1 UNIX, PERL
UNIX Fundamentals
Introduction to PERL
Basic Operators and Control Flow
Understanding Scalar Values
Lists and Array Variables
Reading from and Writing to Files
Pattern Matching
More Control Structures
Using Subroutines
Associative Arrays

Module :2 TCL, VIM
GVIM Fundamentals
System Functions
Command-Line Options
System Variables
Tcl Fundamentals
Strings and Pattern Matching
Tcl Data Structures
Control Flow Commands
Procedures and Scope
MINI Project PERL, TCL
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Mobile Application (Android, iPhone) summer Training

Module :1
Java Basics
Linux Basics
Introduction To android
Setting up Android Environment
Android Application Development
Creating the Android UI
Handling UI Events
Module :2
Debugging Android Application
Mini Project:
Android Application Development
Email application
Games devlopment
Multimedia application

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Embedded Systems basic frequently asked questions: Freshers

I thank all of you for writing to me and sending those remarkable comments. The sole purpose of Technology Guide is to bring revolution in the field of Education in India. In fact I would like to make this media as a continuous feedback system from Industry to Academia and vice-versa.
I Invite all teacher's, faculty members and my dear students to propose topics on which they would like to hear from me.

Please find some basic questions which will help you enter into Embedded domain. Even if these questions may not be asked directly to you but these question forms the basis of the Embedded domain.

Q.1 Define embedded System? What do you understand by an embedded System?

Q.2 What is micro-controller?

Q.3 What is the difference between Micro Controller and Micro Processor?

Q.4 Which language a micro processor understands?

Q.5 How C language program is loaded into a micro controller board?

Q.6 How C language program in converted into Binary Code?

Q.7 What is linker program?

Q.8 What is loader?

Q.9 What is Assembler ?

Q.10 What is compiler?

Q.11 What do you understand by a memory map of any Micro controller?

Q.12 What is program counter?

Q.13 What is stack pointer?

Q.14 What is interrupts?

Q.15 Why interrupts are there in any micro-controller?

Q.16 How a computer communicates with a development board?

Q.17 What happens when "reset" is applied on a micro-controller board?

Q.18 What happens to program counter when interrupt comes?

Q.19 What precautions needs to be taken while working on a development board?

Q.20 Can we run JAVA code on a micro controller?

Q.21 How two development boards can do data transfer between them without a computer?

Q.22 What is register map of any micro-controller?

Q.23 What DMA does in any micro controller system?

Q.24 What timers have you used? Can you define the importance of timer block in any system?
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My dreams, my goals, my Achievements..

How do you want to see yourself after 10 Yrs from now?
How do you want to see yourself after 5 Yrs from now?
How do you want to see yourself after 3 Yrs from now?
How do you want to see yourself after 1 Yr from now?

Have you done any planning for your future ? Yes NO ?

If the answer of the last question is NO then you should not regret 10 Yrs down the line what you will be achieving .. as you have left your future purely on your destiny.. so if you are a lucky person you will be something good.. BUT if not lucky enough then ...??

You have two choices :
1. Go and visit some priest or Baba and ask him how you can be lucky ?
2. Simply write on a blank paper what you want to become after 10 Yrs.

If your choice was "1" then again you left your destiny in the hand of your Priest or Baba..

If you choose "2" then you are the only person responsible for what you have written on that blank paper and responsibility lies on you to achieve it or not to achieve it..

I attended one 3 days seminar in March 2006, The trainer was a lady in her 40's. She told our batch we must have SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievhable,Realistic, Time Bound) goals. And these goals should be Long term Goals and Short Term Goals. The long term Goals are set for 10 Yrs 5 Yrs, and 3 Yrs duration while the short term Goals are for 1 Yr, Monthly, Weekly and finally Dailly. She told us to set BIG goals and start taking small steps towards those BIG goals.I choose to quit Freescale after attending that seminar and today I am proud of my choice.

We must divide our bigger goals into smaller ones and their should be atleast 2 inch progress every week, Every Month and every Year.

If you follow this simple practice than you will be better than anything else and everything whatever you will be achieving will be planned by you and you will be the owner of each and every success which you will get.. and beleive me this will give you so much confidance and satisfaction which you will not be getting if you achieve the same or more by luck..

SO SET GOALS AND ACHIEVE IT, AND THIS WAY YOU WILL BECOME WHAT YOU WANT TO BE.. NOT SOMETHING ELSE..

So set your goals for the next week and start taking small steps on a dailly basis to achieve it...

Guys, What is your plan for next week? Weekend is over and now it is time to plan for the coming week.
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How to choose your final year project? How important it is ?

The final year project is the main weapon for any engineer passing out from college. In almost all interviews there will be few questions on your final year project. And the interviewer expects you to deliver the best answer of all these project based questions as you are expected to go through the technology behind that project.
On many occasions if you are appearing in a small of medium sized company's interview than your selection is more based on your final year project as the smaller companies expects the productivity from day-1 and if you know the technology which falls under the product range of the hiring company than your selection chances becomes very high.

How to choose Final year Project?

This is the biggest question and the most important decision for the under graduates. As the most of the UG students does not have a fair idea about the impact of the final year project. They realise the importance much later and at that point of time they do not have time to correct it. Some students change their final year project while applying for the jobs but they lack the knowledge so they fails to explain the basic logic and rejected in the interviews.

Here are some tips to choose final year project:
* Choose HOT technology, which opens many job avenues.
* The domain should be wide and of your interest as it may be the domain for your life.
* Do not try to opt for very complex project
* Find some basic but innovative solution
* Try to make things simple
* Identify the tools and technology required to implement it.
* Discuss with some immediate seniors who are working in the Industry
* Check your labs and identify some Industry mentors apart from Teachers
* REMEMBER EXPECTATION FROM YOU IS TO KNOW THE PROCESS OF MAKING

I must emphasize here the importance of the Industry mentors, the presence of a Industry mentors can really change the direction of your career. As they are the people who are living the technology on a daily basis. They are the people who are involved in hiring so they know what they are looking for in a fresh candidate who will be joining them next year. It will also help you in networking inside the Industry. ( I will write in more detail about networking later as this is another important aspect)


Please forward this link to as many students as possible. I request all readers to start following this blog, As there will be a lot of stuff coming in on this page.
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Electronics and VLSI frequently asked Interview questions

Frequently Asked Interview Questions: Electronics and VLSI
Here I am giving you some questions which are asked most frequently in almost all interviews in the core companies. All these questions are very basic questions and there are a lot of derivative questions which generates from these basic questions.
Q.1 What is AND gate?  Is it a multiplier or adder?
Q.2 What are digital logic levels? How logic level ‘1’ and logic level ‘0’ is decided in a digital circuit?
Q.3 Design a NAND gate using CMOS circuit?
Q.4 Design a NOR gate using CMOS circuit?
Q.5 What is V-I characteristic is a n-mos transistor?
Q.6 Define cut-off, active and saturation region of a n-MOS transistor?
Q.7 In which domain of MOS characteristic any digital circuit works?
Q.8 In which domain of the MOS characteristic any Analog circuit works?
Q.9 What is threshold voltage of any MOS transistor?
Q.10 What is a latch?
Q.11 What is a flip flop?
Q.12 Why flip flop is a edge triggered device?
Q.13 Make a timing diagram of a latch device?
Q.14 Make a timing diagram of a flip flop device?
Q.15 What is the setup time?
Q.16 What is the hold time?
Q.17 On which parameter setup time depends?
Q.18 On which parameter hold time depends?
Q.19 How to fix a setup violation in a digital circuit?
Q.20 How to fix a hold violation in a digital circuit?
Q.21 How to fix the setup violation on silicon?
Q.22 How to fix the hold violation on silicon?
Q.23 What is a MUX?
Q.24 Design a MUX using AND gate?
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Importance of B.Tech Projects

This blog is dedicated to the thousands of the students who are studying in BE, B. Tech, MCA, MSc, BSc streams and have been assigned to develop their final Year project as part of their degree completion requirement.

WHY I AM WRITING THIS BLOG?
Silicon Guru was sitting in his office inside BIG MNC and his HR manager walks in and give him a CV of a fresh engineer. He looks at the CV and was impressed with the details written in the CV of the fresh engineer and he was excited to meet the the engineer who is exactly matching with requirement, which Silicon Guru was looking for since long time. He is directly headed towards the meeting room where the fresh engineer was waiting for the interviewer.

Silicon Guru was greeted by him with a big smile and Good morning Sir...
Good Morning Rahul was the answer.. and then started the introduction round from both sides.. So far it was going good and Silicon Guru came to the point directly without wasting much time. And here come the first technical question from Silicon Guru.

"Rahul I am really impressed to see the project which you have developed in final year. Can you please explain what issues you encountered while you were developing this final year project?"
Silicon Guru was very much dis-appointed to hear the answer.. in fact there was no answer and after some talk Rahul admitted that he purchased his project from Sardarji's shop in Delhi by paying Rs 25K. This was not the first time Silicon Guru heard this confession from a engineer,Who was repenting on his decision to buy that project, This incident was happenning with him again and again.  And this prompted Silicon Guru to write this blog to make student's aware about the importance of final Year project.
Silicon Guru will throw more light on why Rahul and other Student's like Rahul purchase their projects later in this article.

ADVICE #1 NEVER EVER PURCHASE YOUR FINAL YEAR PROJECT
* As your final year project is your Biggest weapon while facing interview
* It is most likely that your CV is shortlisted just because of your Final Year Project
* You must know making of your Project, As the interviewer will be more interested in the issues which you faced while developing your project.

Some open Questions?
Does Rahul and his friends had enough technical support to develop the Final Year B. Tech project?
What facilities the college was providing to develop final year B.Tech Projects?
Was he forced to buy his final year project?

Choices ? Rahul choose to buy his project and because of that he lost one hard earned job opportunity. I have read it somewhere that:- "95% of our life is because of our choices and 5% is dependent on luck"
Next Posts -- Why Rahul and other Students purchase their Projects?
                  -- How to choose your final year project? How important it is ?
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BEST PROJECT APPLIED ELECTRONICS

PROJECT NAME : 

CONCEALED WEAPON DETECTION

 ABSTRACT
          A number of technologies are being developed for Concealed Weapon  Detection (C WD). Image fusion is studied for detecting weapons or other objects hidden underneath a person’s clothing. The focus of this project is to develop a new algorithm to fuse a color visual image and a corresponding IR image for such a concealed weapon detection application. The fused image obtained by the proposed algorithm will maintain the high resolution of the visual image, incorporate any concealed weapons detected by the IR sensor, and keep the natural color of the visual image. The feasibility of the proposed fusion technique is demonstrated by some experimental results.     


INTRODUCTION
          Concealed weapon detection (CWD) is an increasingly important topic in the general area of law enforcement and it appears to be a critical technology for dealing with terrorism, which appears to be the most significant law enforcement problem for the next decade. Existing image sensor technologies for CWD applications include thermal/infrared (IR), millimeter wave (MMW), and visual.
Since no single sensor technology can provide acceptable performance in CWD applications, image fusion has been identified as a key technology to achieve improved CWD procedures. Image fusion is a process of combining complementary information from multiple sensor images to generate a single image that contains a more accurate description of the scene than any of the individual images. While MMW sensors have many advantages, the availability of low cost IR technology makes the study of fusing visual and IR images of great interest.
          In our current work, we are interested in using image fusion to help a human or computer in detecting a concealed weapon using IR and visual sensors. The visual and IR images have been aligned by image registration. We observe that the body is brighter than the background in the IR image. Further the background isalmost black and shows little detail because of the high thermal emissivity of body. The weapon is darker than the surrounding body due to a temperature difference between it and the body (it is colder than human body). The resolution in the visual image is much higher than that of the IR image, but there is no information on the concealed weapon in the visual image.
            A  variety of  image fusion  techniques have  been developed. They can  be                roughly divided  into two groups, multi scale -decomposition-based  (MDB) fusion methods and non-multi scale-decomposition-based (NMDB) fusion methods. Typical  DB fusion methods include pyramid based  methods, discrete wavelet transform  based methods, and   discrete  wavelet frame  transform based methods. Typical  NMDB methods  include  adaptive  weight  averaging   methods ,  neural  network  based methods , Markov  random  field  based   methods , and  estimation  theory  based methods. Most of the image fusion work has been limited to monochrome images. However,  based  on  biological  research  results, the  human visual system is very sensitive to colors. To  utilize  this ability, some  researchers map three  individual monochrome   multispectral  images  to   the  respective   channels  of   an  R G Bimage to produce a false color fused image. In many cases, this technique is applied in  combination with  another  image  fusion  procedure. Such a  technique  is sometimes called color composite fusion. Another technique is based on opponent-color processing which maps opponent sensors to human opponent colors (red vs. green, blue vs. yellow).  We present a new technique to fuse a color visual image with a corresponding IR image for a CWD application. Using the proposed method the fused image will maintain the high resolution and the natural color of the visual image while incorporating any concealed weapons detected by the IR sensor.
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How to turn system ON and OFF automatically?


To automatically start your computer up at a specific time of day, you'll actually need to edit your BIOS settings. To do this:
  • Boot up your computer and enter your BIOS setup. Usually this involves pressing the Delete key as your computer boots (your computer should say
    Press DEL to Enter Setup
    or something similar as you turn it on).
  • Navigate to the Power Options. If your BIOS supports it, there should be a function for automatically starting up your computer at a certain time of day. Mine was called "Resume by Alarm", but yours might be called something different.
  • Enable that setting and set the time you want your computer to start every day. Save and Exit the BIOS, and your computer should follow that schedule from now on.
You probably shut down your computer when you're done using it at the end of the day, but if not, you can set it to shut itself down on a schedule. This is easy to do with Windows Task Scheduler:
  1. Hit the Start menu and type in "task scheduler". Open up Task Scheduler from your results.
  2. In the right pane, hit Create Task. Give it a name, and under the General tab, check "Run with highest privileges". Also check "Run whether user is logged on or not", if you ever leave your computer logged out.
  3. Head to the Settings tab and check "Stop the task if it runs longer than" and set it to "1 hour". This won't stop your computer from sleeping, but will stop your computer from thinking a task is still running.
  4. Head to the Actions tab, hit New, and choose "Start a Program" as your action. Set the Program to
    shutdown
    and the arguments to
    -s
    .
  5. Lastly, head to the Triggers tab and click New. Change the schedule to fit whatever you want (say, Daily at 12:00AM), and hit OK. Hit OK again at the next window and your task should be saved in Task Scheduler.
That's it. Now your computer should shut down and wake up on your own schedule.
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C Program to Print a Sentence

[PROGRAMS]


C Program To display the triangle using *, numbers and character

Write a C Program to print half pyramid as using * as shown in figure below.
*
*   *
*   *   *
*   *   *   *
*   *   *   *   *

Answer:
----------------------------------------------------------------
#include <stdio.h>
 int main() { 
int i,j,rows;
printf("Enter the number of rows: ");
scanf("%d",&rows);
 for(i=1;i<=rows;++i) {
  for(j=1;j<=i;++j) {
      printf("* "); 
   } 
   printf("\n"); 
  }
  return 0;
}
----------------------------------------------------------------


2. C++ programming

3. Java programming

4. PHP programming

5. Pearl programing
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L293d motor driver

Features
The L293D is a popular motor driver IC that is usable from 6 to12V, at up to 1A total output current. By itself, the IC is somewhat diffcult to wire and use, but the Compact L293D Motor Driver makes it much more convenient to use.
Board Special Features
  • Four motor direction indicator LEDS
  • Schottky EMF-protection diodes
  • Socket pin connectors for easy logic interfacing
  • Enable pins are user accessible.
L298 Features






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